This penalty for Horizon Science Academy Lorain is based on 0% of their exclusions being on truancy. 2019 Ohio School Discipline Report Card for The subjective discipline exclusion grade was based on the percentage of total discipline occurrence minus a penalty for exclusion for truancy. Suspending someone for Truancy is to continue to impose risks on a vulnerable population.įor more explanation, see the report's discussion of Subjective Behavior Grade. Given the significant long term impact of missing school, exclusions from school for subjective behavior should be kept to a minimum. In 2019, the articulated reasons for exclusions fit into four categories:ĭiscipline-based on subjective behavior is more likely to be impacted by implicit and explicit racial biases. Exclusions are the combination of expulsions, out-of-school suspensions, Emergency Removal by District Personnel and removal by hearing officers. The subjective discipline grade is the percent of exclusions based on subjective behavior (that is the number of exclusions based on subjective behavior divided by the total number of exclusions). Subjective Discipline Grade for Horizon Science Academy Lorain (011533) Horizon Science Academy Lorain had 32.4 exclusions for every 100 9th grade students. Preschool to 3rd-grade Exclusions PenaltyĮxplanation of Preschool to 3rd Grade Penalty Horizon Science Academy Lorain had 13.7 exclusions for every 100 pre-school through 3rd grade students. Horizon Science Academy Lorain had 21.1 exclusions for every 100 students. The Exclusion penalty includes 12.1 for preschool to 3rd grade penalty plus 4.9 for 9th grade penalty. To calculate a rate, we arbitrarily assigned a value of "3" for all districts that reported "less than 10" in discipline occurrences and assigned a value of "5" for all districts that reported "less than 10" in enrollment.įor more explanation, see the report's discussion of Exclusion Grade.Ģ019 Ohio School Discipline Report Card for We took that to mean "less than 10" disciplinary occurrences in the particular category. NOTE: Some districts, instead of reporting the exact number of discipline occurrences and enrollment numbers, reported: "< 10". (Preschool-3rd Grade Exclusion Penalty + 9th Grade Exclusion Penalty) To determine the exclusion grade, first an exclusion grade was calculated, using the following formula: Thus, an exclusion grade is calculated to quantify the extent of the School-to-Prison pipeline problem. Of course, dropping out is correlated with incarceration. Research has shown that suspensions in the 9th grade are also problematic in that even one instance of exclusion significantly increases the likelihood of school dropout. Exclusions are particularly problematic for preschool through 3rd grade. It is during these initial years that students lay the foundation for their academic success. In this report, exclusions are expulsions, out-of-school suspensions, emergency removal by district personnel, and removal by hearing officer.Įvery instance of an exclusion disrupts a student's education. Racial disparity is measured by dividing the rate of the racial group with the highest exclusions by the rate of the racial group with the lowest exclusionsįor more explanation see the Introduction to the report or the report's discussion of Overall Discipline GradeĮxclusion Grade for Horizon Science Academy Lorain (011533)Ī school district's contribution to the School-to-Prison pipeline is directly related to the number of exclusions. The expectation is that whatever discipline occurs there is not a racial difference in the district. Racial Disparity: Racial disparity evaluates the difference in exclusion based on race.We also had a penalty for exclusions for tardiness. Exclusion for subjective behavior is problematic because subjective standards are more likely to be influenced by explicit and implicit biases. We calculated the subjective behavior grade based on the percentage of exclusions that was for disruptive/disobedient behavior, harassment/intimidation, and unwelcome sexual conduct. Subjective Discipline: When a student is disciplined, the behavior prompting the discipline can be either objective (i.e., weapon on the premises) or subjective (i.e., insubordination).There is also a penalty for any exclusions in pre-kindergarten through 3 rd grade and a penalty for excessive exclusions in the 9th grade. Exclusions: Exclusion is the combined rate of out of school suspensions, expulsions, emergency removal by a hearing officer and removal by district/school personnel.The Ohio School Discipline Report card evaluates three components: exclusions, subjective behavior, and racial disparity. Racial Justice Now! and School Discipline: Ģ019 Ohio School Discipline Report Card for Professor Emerita of Law, The University of Dayton School of Law
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